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1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions and uses thereof
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane or mixtures thereof, and which are also useful in systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
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| 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone+refrigerant+compositions+and+uses+thereof |
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Refrigerant with lubricating oil
An apparatus and method wherein potential ozone layer-damaging dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-12) is substituted with a mix of less environmentally damaging refrigerants Chlorodifluoroethane and Tetrafluoroethane in dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems, in particular HVAC and refrigeration applications. While less environmentally damaging than dichlorodifluoromethane, the substitute refrigerant is less flammable than presently available refrigerants, yet still has a temperature-pressure relationship close enough to that of dichlorodifluoromethane, making the substitute refrigerant suitable for use with dichlorodifluoromethane-based air-cooling systems. In this event, it is mixed with a lubricating oil that is compatible with both the unit refrigerant and typical R-12 system design.
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| Refrigerant+with+lubricating+oil |
Thermally color-developing reversibly thermochromic pigment
A thermally color-developing reversibly thermochromic pigment which shows a uniform color density in the coloring temperature range and also shows an optimal ÎH value within a range of from 3 to 40° C. Thermally color-developing reversibly thermochromic pigments of a three component system having a ÎH value within a range of from 7 to 40° C. in which at least essential three components including (a) an electron-donating chromic organic compound, (b) a specified compound selected from the gallic acid esters and (c) a reaction medium selected from alcohols, esters, ketones and hydrocarbons; which reversibly generates color reactions of both of the compounds within a specified temperature range and has a melting point of less than 50° C., are microencapsulated, and of a four component system having a ÎH value within a range of from 3 to 25° C. in which a compound (d) selected from monomer compounds having a melting point of 50° C. or more or polymer compounds having a softening point of 70° C. or more is added to the three component system.
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| Thermally+color-developing+reversibly+thermochromic+pigment |
Electrochromic material
An electrochromic material having improved durability and more pleasing color characteristics is composed of a single-phase compound of formula W 1âx Ta x O 3âx/2 , x having a value in a range of from about 0.15 to about 0.5. Thin films of the electrochromic material can be manufactured by pulse laser deposition (PLD). Thin films of the electrochromic material are useful in the fabrication of electrochromic devices, such as âsmartâ windows, mirrors, information displays and variable emittance surfaces.
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| Electrochromic+material |
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Stabilizer mixtures for the protection of polymer substrates
A stabilizer mixture for one or more compounds of the general formula (1)
and (1A) but preferably (1), wherein the groups R independently stand for an alkyl-,
cycloalkyl-, aralkyl- or aryl-rest whereas the aromatic ring system may be optionally substituted by one or more groups Râ² which may be identical or different and which groups Râ² can be an aryl-, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-, aralkyl- or cycloalkyl-group as well as halogen, an amino-, aminoalkyl-, aminocycloalkyl-, cyano-, thiocyano- or nitrogroup.
and a UV-absorber, hindered amine stabilizer, sterically hindered phenol, organophosphite, organophosphonite, organophosphine, or mixtures thereof.
The present invention is useful in the protection of various polymeric substrates against the damaging influence of light exposure by the long term storage of polymers. This effect can be observed especially in so-called engineering plastics (such as, for example, PC, PET, PBT, ABS, TPU).
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| Stabilizer+mixtures+for+the+protection+of+polymer+substrates |
Organic conductive polymer composition
The present invention relates to organic conductive polymer compositions adapted to produce touch panel input devices that hardly undergo resistance degradation even after prolonged and repeated usages, and represent remarkably improved reliability and lifetime in particular. The organic conductive polymer compositions according to the present invention comprise a thiophene derivative polymer, a water-soluble organic compound (except for nitrogen-containing compounds), and a dopant, wherein the thiophene derivative polymer is expressed by the formula (1)
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| Organic+conductive+polymer+composition |
Permanently linked, rigid, magnetic chains
One aspect of the present invention relates to a permanently linked, rigid, magnetic chain of particles prepared by sol-gel methods. A second aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a permanently linked, rigid, magnetic chain of particles comprising: coating a core material with one or more polyelectrolyte layers resulting in a coated particle; further coating the coated particle with a layer of magnetic nanoparticles resulting in a magnetic particle; coating the magnetic particle with a layer of a polycationic polyelectrolyte resulting in a coated magnetic particle; and applying a magnetic field to the coated magnetic particle in the presence of a metal oxide or metal oxide precursor capable of undergoing hydrolysis.
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| Permanently+linked,+rigid,+magnetic+chains |
Flame retardant formulation
The invention relates to a novel flame retardant formulation for thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, containing, as flame retardant component A, from 90 to 99.9% by weight of phosphinate salt of the formula (I) and/or a diphosphinate salt of the formula (II) and/or polymers thereof
where
R 1 , R 2 are the same or different and are each C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl; R 3 is C 1 -C 10 -alkylene, linear or branched, C 6 -C 10 -arylene, -alkylarylene or -arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K; m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4
and, as component B, from 0 to 50% by weight of a nitrogen-containing synergist or of a phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant and, as component C, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a liquid component.
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| Flame+retardant+formulation |
Slurry for CMP, polishing method and method of manufacturing semiconductor device
Disclosed is a CMP slurry comprising a first colloidal particle having a primary particle diameter ranging from 5 nm to 30 nm and an average particle diameter of d1, the first colloidal particle being incorporated in an amount of w1 by weight and a second colloidal particle having a primary particle diameter larger than that of the first colloidal particle and an average particle diameter of d2, the second colloidal particle being formed of the same material as that of the first colloidal particle and incorporated in an amount of w2 by weight, wherein d1, d2, w1 and w2 are selected to concurrently meet following conditions (A) and (B) excluding situations where d1, d2, w1 and w2 concurrently meet following conditions (C) and (D):
3⦠d 2/ d 1â¦8 (A)
0.7⦠w 1/( w 1+ w 2)â¦0.97 (B)
3⦠d 2/ d 1â¦5 (C)
0.7⦠w 1/( w 1 +w 2)â¦0.9. (D)
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| Slurry+for+CMP,+polishing+method+and+method+of+manufacturing+semiconductor+device |
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